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Fluorescent or low pressure mercury lamp, it is the use of low-pressure mercury vapor ultraviolet radiation in the discharge process, so that the principle of visible light emitting phosphor issue, it is a low pressure arc discharge light sources. Built with two fluorescent filament. Filament coated with electron emission material on the ternary carbonate (barium carbonate, strontium carbonate and calcium carbonate), commonly known as e-powder. Under AC voltage, filament alternately as cathode and anode. Tube wall is coated with phosphor. Tube filled with 400Pa-500Pa pressure argon gas and a small amount of mercury. Power applied, the liquid mercury into the pressure of 0.8 Pa evaporation of mercury vapor. Under the electric field, mercury atoms continually from the original state is excited into excited states, then spontaneous transitions to the ground state, and radiation wavelength of 253.7nm and 185nm UV (the main peak wavelength is 253.7nm, about all the radiation of 70-80 %; second peak wavelength is 185nm, about 10% of all radiant energy) to release excess energy. Phosphor issued after UV-absorbing visible light radiation. Different phosphors, the light is different issue, which is made of white and fluorescent light can cause a variety of color. As the power consumed by the majority of fluorescent lamps used to produce UV, therefore, the luminous efficiency than incandescent lamps and halogen high, is the most energy-efficient electric light. Mechanism can be seen from the fluorescent light, fluorescent phosphors on the quality of play a key role. 50 years after the 20th century using halogen lamps mostly calcium phosphate, commonly known as halogen powder. Halogen powder cheap, but the luminous efficiency is not high enough, thermal stability is poor, a greater light decline, luminous being maintained, so that it does not apply to small diameter tubes, compact fluorescent lamps. In 1974, the Dutch Philips first successful development of the human eye will be able to send sensitive to red, green and blue phosphors shade of yttrium (red light, the peak wavelength of 611nm), and more aluminum magnesium (hair green, Peak wavelength 541nm) and multi barium magnesium aluminate (blue light, the peak wavelength of 450nm) as by mixing three primary color phosphors (the full name of the Rare Earth Elements trichromatic phosphors), and its high luminous efficiency (the average light efficiency in the 80lm / W or more, about 5 times incandescent), color temperature 2500K-6500K, the color index of 85 or so, use it as fluorescent materials can greatly save energy, and this is reason behind energy efficient fluorescent lamps. It can be said, rare earth tricolor phosphor development and application of fluorescent lamps is an important milestone in the history of the development. No three-color phosphor, there can be a new generation of small diameter tubes, energy-efficient compact fluorescent lamps today. However, rare earth trichromatic phosphors has its problems, its disadvantage is expensive.